Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvele ngokushesha njengobuchwepheshe obushintshashintshayo, obunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuguquguquka kwedizayini, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye ne-prototyping esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza inkululeko emangalisayo yokuklama, into ephrintiwe ivamise ukudinga ukucutshungulwa kwangemuva ukuze kuzuzwe isiphetho esifiselekayo, amandla, kanye nokusebenza. Amasu okucubungula ngemva kokucubungula kanye nangaphezulu njengokususwa kokwesekwa, ukupholishwa, ukufutha, nokunamathisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zemboni. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuphrinta ngemuva kokucubungula kwe-3D, okuhlanganisa ukususwa kokusekelwa, ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi, ukufutha, nokunye ukwelashwa, kanye nokuxoxa ngomthelela wazo ngesikhathi nezindleko.
1. Ukususwa Kokusekela: Kubalulekile Kubuqotho Besimo
Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yangemva kokucubungula ekuphrinteni kwe-3D ukususwa kwezakhiwo zokusekela. Izisekelo ziyizakhiwo zesikhashana ezikhiqizwe phakathi nenqubo yokuphrinta ye-3D ukuze zisekele ama-overhangs noma izici eziyinkimbinkimbi zento engakwazi ukuphrinta ngokukhululeka. Lezi zakhiwo zokusekela ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengemodeli kodwa zivame ukuklanywa ukuthi zisuswe kalula uma inqubo yokuphrinta isiqediwe.
Inqubo yokususa ukwesekwa ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lweUkuphrinta kwe-3Dubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Ku-Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), isibonelo, ukususwa kosekelo kungase kuqonde ngqo, ngokuvamile kudinga inqubo elula yomshini yokuhlwitha noma ukukhipha into esekelayo. Kodwa-ke, kubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu obufana ne-Stereolithography (SLA) noma i-Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), ukususwa kwezakhiwo zokusekela kungase kube nzima kakhulu futhi kudinga amathuluzi engeziwe noma amakhemikhali ukuze kuncibilike noma kubhidlizwe izinto ezisekelayo.
Nakuba ukususwa kosekelo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, kungase kudle isikhathi futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangele umonakalo ezicini ezibucayi zemodeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izisekelo zingaklanywanga kahle, zingase zishiye amamaki angathandeki noma izibazi ebusweni bengxenye, okudinga izinyathelo zokuqeda ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlela ngokucophelela phakathi nesigaba sokuklama ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo sezakhiwo zokusekela ngokweqile kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nezindleko zangemva kokucubungula.
2. I-Sanding: Ukufeza I-Fish Ebushelelezi
Uma izinhlaka zokusekela sezisusiwe, ukusetshenzwa kwesihlabathi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kusheleleke noma yiziphi izindawo ezimahhadlahhadla ezisele ohlelweni lokuphrinta. Izinto eziphrintiwe ze-3D zivame ukuba nemigqa yesendlalelo ebonakalayo ngenxa yemvelo yenqubo yokukhiqiza okungeziwe. I-Sanding isiza ukunciphisa le migqa yesendlalelo, idale isiphetho esibushelelezi nesibukeka kahle kakhulu.
Inqubo yokufaka isihlabathi ngokuvamile ihilela ukusebenzisa amagrits ahlukahlukene e-sandpaper, eqala ngamagridi amaholo ukuze kukhishwe ingxenye enkulu futhi kancane kancane kusetshenzwe ukuze kufinyelelwe kumagrits acolekileyo ukuze kube indawo ebushelelezi futhi epholishiwe. Okwezinto ezifana ne-PLA (i-Polylactic Acid) ne-ABS (i-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngethuluzi elijikelezayo, nakuba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yesihlabathi ayishisi ngokweqile noma ibangele ukuthi inyibilike.
Nakuba ukwenza isihlabathi kunikeza ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kobuhle, kuphinde kusebenze kanzima. Isikhathi esidingekayo sokwenza isihlabathi sincike enkingeni yento kanye nezinga lokushelela okudingekayo. Lokhu, kuphinde kube nomthelela ezindlekweni zizonke zesigaba sangemva kokucubungula, ikakhulukazi uma uphatha izingxenye ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga umzamo owengeziwe.
3. Ukufafaza kanye Nokugqoka: Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqina Nokuqeda
Ngemva kokutshala, ezinyeIzingxenye eziphrintiwe ze-3Dingase idinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina noma ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka. Ukufafaza noma ukumboza kuvame ukusetshenziselwa le njongo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu endaweni zihlanganisa ukupenda isifutho, impushana enamathelayo, kanye ne-electroplating, okunikeza isiphetho esicwebezelayo noma esicwebezelayo, esithuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga, noma sinikeze ukuvikeleka ezicini zemvelo.
Umdwebo we-spray uvame kakhulu kumaphrinti we-FDM, njengoba kusiza ukwakha ungqimba olufana nolwendawo olufihla imigqa yongqimba ebonakalayo futhi lunikeze isiphetho esikhangayo. Izifutho ze-Acrylic noma i-epoxy coatings zivame ukusetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-ABS noma ze-PLA, njengoba zinamathela kahle futhi zingasetshenziswa emincane, ngisho nezingqimba. Ukwengeza, ukudweba kwesifutho kungaba yisixazululo esithengekayo sokuthuthukisa ukubukeka okubonakalayo kwezingxenye, kodwa futhi kudla isikhathi futhi kudinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuconsa noma amajazi angalingani.
Ukuze uthole izingxenye ezengeziwe ezisebenzayo, njengalezo ezidinga ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima noma ukugqoka, i-powder coating ivame ukusetshenziswa. Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka impushana ecolekile ebusweni bento bese uyiphulukisa lapho ishisa, okuphumela ekuqedeni okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside. Nakuba kusebenza kahle, ukugcoba nge-powder kungabiza, njengoba kudinga imishini ekhethekile futhi kungandisa isikhathi sokucubungula.
I-Electroplating ingenye indlela yokwelapha engaphezulu evame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphrintiwe ze-3D, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zensimbi noma lezo ezidinga amandla engeziwe. Le nqubo ihilela ukusebenzisa ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi phezu kwengxenye ngokusebenzisa umsinga kagesi. I-Electroplating ithuthukisa ubulukhuni bento, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokukhanga kobuhle okupheleleyo, kodwa futhi yengeza ezindlekweni nasesikhathini sokucubungula.
4. Umthelela Ngesikhathi Nezindleko
Umthelela wokucutshungulwa kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo ngesikhathi nezindleko azikwazi ukweqiwa. Nakuba inqubo yokuphrinta ye-3D ngokwayo ingase isheshise, ukucubungula kwangemuva kunganweba ngokuphawulekayo sonke isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe ingxenye. Isinyathelo ngasinye sangemva kokucubungula—noma ngabe ukususwa okusekelayo, ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi, noma ukufafaza—kwengeza isikhathi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi, lokhu kubambezeleka kungase kungabi kukhulu kangako, kodwa ekwenzeni i-prototyping ngokushesha noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu.
Ngokwezindleko, ukucutshungulwa kwangemva kokucubungula nakho kwengeza okubalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Umsebenzi owenziwa mathupha wokuthunga isihlabathi noma ukususwa kokusekelwa kungakhuphula izindleko zabasebenzi, futhi ukuthengwa kwezinto ezengeziwe ezifana namapende okufuthoza, okokunamathela, noma amakhemikhali akhethekile okusekela okuncibilika kwenezela ezindlekweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengasemkhathini noma ezimbonini zezokwelapha, isidingo sokunemba kanye nokuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu singase sidinge amasu okwelapha angaphezulu ayinkimbinkimbi, aphinde anyuse izindleko.
Ukuze zilawule kokubili isikhathi nezindleko ngendlela efanele, izinkampani kufanele zithuthukise ukuhamba kwazo komsebenzi ngemva kokucubungula. Isu elilodwa lihlanganisa ukuklama izingxenye ezinezidingo zosekelo ezincane, okunciphisa isidingo sokususwa okubanzi kosekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo zangemuva kokucubungula njengezingalo zerobhothi noma imishini ekhethekile yokusanta noma yokudweba kungasiza ukusheshisa inqubo futhi kunciphise izindleko zabasebenzi.
5. Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ngenkathiUkuphrinta kwe-3Dinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nesivinini ekukhiqizeni, ukucubungula ngemuva kokucubungula kuyingxenye edingekayo yepayipi lokukhiqiza elingenakunakwa. Amasu afana nokususwa kosekelo, ukusenisa isihlabathi, kanye nokufafaza kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto eziphrintiwe ze-3D zihlangabezana namazinga afunekayo kukho kokubili ubuhle nokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinqubo zihambisana nesikhathi kanye nezindleko okufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela. Ngokuqonda izimfuneko zobuchwepheshe nezinselele zokucubungula ngemva kokucubungula, izinkampani zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu ezibhalansisa ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezindleko emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza wokuphrinta we-3D.
