Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kuguqule indlela imikhiqizo eklanywa futhi ekhiqizwa ngayo. Kusukela ku-prototyping kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kokuphrinta kwe-3D kuhlanganisa izimboni eziningi. Nokho, naphezu kwamandla ayo amakhulu, izindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-3D kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe zenze kwaba nzima kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) ukwamukela ngokugcwele lobu buchwepheshe obushintshayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile okudingekayo kumishini yokuphrinta ye-3D, izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obuhlukile, kanye nendlela yokwenza lobu buchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kalula kuma-SME.
Izindleko Eziphezulu Zesisetshenziswa Sokuphrinta se-3D
Izindleko zemishini yokuphrinta ye-3D ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwephrinta nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ezingeni lokungena, amaphrinta edeskithophu ye-3D angathengeka ngokuqhathaniswa, ngezintengo eziqala kumakhulu ambalwa amadola. Lawa maphrinta avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-prototyping elula kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthuke kakhulu ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwezinga lemboni, ukuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D, noma izingxenye ezinembe kakhulu, intengo yezinto zokusebenza ingafinyelela kalula emashumini noma ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi. Lesi isithiyo esibalulekile sama-SME amaningi angase angabi nazo izinsiza zezimali zokutshala ezinhlelweni zokuphrinta ze-3D ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokuphrinta ye-3D ayiyona imali yesikhathi esisodwa. Izindleko eziqhubekayo, njengezindleko zezinto zokwakha, ukunakekelwa, kanye nesofthiwe, ziyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, izinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D zezingxenye zensimbi noma ama-polymers anamandla adinga izinto ezikhethekile nezimba eqolo, okwandisa umthwalo wezezimali kuma-SME. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ukuze zihlale zincintisana, izinkampani zidinga ukutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni okuvamile, okungabiza kakhulu.
Izithiyo Zezobuchwepheshe Zokungena
Ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo kumishini yokuphrinta ye-3D, ama-SME abhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe uma kukhulunywa ngokwamukela ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono ukuze basebenzise imishini. Yize izinhlelo eziningi zokuphrinta ze-3D zakhelwe ukuthi zisebenziseke kalula, zisadinga ulwazi lwesofthiwe yokuklama, ukulinganiswa komshini, nokuxazulula izinkinga. Isibonelo, isoftware efana ne-CAD (Computer-Aided Design) kanye ne-CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) ibalulekile ekudaleni amamodeli nokuwalungiselela ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Kodwa-ke, inkimbinkimbi yala mathuluzi e-software ingabasabisa labo abangayijwayele.
Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obuhlukile budinga ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Isibonelo, amaphrinta we-Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), akhipha isendlalelo sezinto ezincibilikisiwe ze-thermoplastic ngongqimba, alula ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenza. Ngokuphambene, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu obufana ne-Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) kanye ne-Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) budinga ulwazi olukhethekile kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe be-laser, namasu okucubungula ngemva kokucubungula. Ijika lokufunda elihlotshaniswa nalobu buchwepheshe kungaba yisithiyo esibalulekile kuma-SME ngaphandle kwethimba elizinikele lonjiniyela noma ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe.
Esinye isithiyo esikhulu sobuchwepheshe ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D nokusekelwa. Ama-SME amaningi ayangabaza ukutshala imishini yokuphrinta ye-3D ngenxa yokuthi ayinalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lokunakekela nokulungisa imishini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhishwa kwezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D zezinkampani zangaphandle kuba inketho ekhangayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwethula izinselele ezintsha, njengesikhathi nezindleko zezingxenye zomkhumbi, ubungozi bokwebiwa kwempahla yengqondo (IP), kanye nokuncika kubahlinzeki besevisi bangaphandle.
Ungakunqoba Kanjani Ukutshalwa Kwezinsimbi Nezithiyo Zezobuchwepheshe zama-SME
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokusiza ama-SME ukuthi anqobe izindleko eziphezulu nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nokuphrinta kwe-3D.
1.Izinsizakalo Zokuphrinta ze-3D
Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuthi ama-SME afinyelele kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshala izimali ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D. Lezi zinsizakalo zivumela izinkampani ukuthi zilayishe amadizayini azo kumnikezeli wesevisi, ozobe esephrinta izingxenye emishinini yawo futhi athumele imikhiqizo eqediwe kuklayenti. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokuthi ama-SME atshale imali emishinini ebizayo futhi iwanikeze ukufinyelela kuhlu olubanzi lobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, okuhlanganisa i-FDM, i-SLS, i-DMLS, ne-SLA (Stereolithography). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwezidingo zokunyathelisa kwe-3D kubahlinzeki besevisi kuvumela ama-SME ukuthi agxile emakhono awo abalulekile, njengokuklama komkhiqizo nokumaketha, kuyilapho kushiyelwa izici zobuchwepheshe kochwepheshe.
Abahlinzeki besevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D bavame ukunikeza inani elingeziwe, njengokuthuthukisa idizayini, isiqondiso sokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, nezinketho zangemuva kokucubungula, ezingaba wusizo ezinkampanini ezingajwayelene nama-nuances wobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D. Ngokubambisana nabahlinzeki besevisi abalungile, ama-SME angakwazi ukufinyelela imikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-3D yekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obuningi bangaphakathi noma ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
2. Izinketho Zokuqashisa Nezezimali
Enye indlela yokusiza ama-SME ukuthi afinyeleleUkuphrinta kwe-3Dubuchwepheshe bungokusebenzisa izinketho zokuqashisa noma zokuxhasa ngezimali. Abakhiqizi abaningi nabadayisi bemishini yokuphrinta ye-3D banikeza izinhlelo zokuqashisa ezivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhokhele okokusebenza ngezitolimende. Le ndlela isiza ama-SMEs ukuphatha ukungena kwawo kwemali ngokusabalalisa izindleko isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlelo zokuqashisa zifaka izinsiza zokulungisa, ezehlisa umthwalo kuma-SME ukuze asingathe ukulungisa nokugcina imishini.
Kwezinye izimo, izinketho zezimali zingabandakanya iziqinisekiso noma amaphakheji esevisi, angasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bezindleko zokulungisa ezingalindelekile. Imishini yokuqashisa noma yokuxhasa ngezimali iphinde ivumele ama-SME ukuthi athuthukise izinhlelo zawo zokuphrinta ze-3D njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha butholakala, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlala encintisana ngaphandle kokwenza izindleko ezinkulu, kusengaphambili.
3. Ukusebenzisana Okusha Nokubambisana
Ukuze anqobe izithiyo zobuchwepheshe, ama-SME angaphinda abheke amathuba okusungula ngokubambisana nobudlelwano nezinkampani ezinkulu noma izikhungo zocwaningo. Ngokubambisana nabaholi bemboni noma izikhungo zezemfundo, ama-SME angafinyelela ubuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye nokwenza kahle kwedizayini. Lokhu kubambisana kungasiza futhi ama-SME ehlise izindleko ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezabiwe kanye nokuhlanganyela, okubavumele ukuthi bangene entuthukweni esezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni wokuphrinta we-3D ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshala izimali ezinkulu ku-R&D.
4. I-Open-Source Software kanye ne-Online Learning Platform
Ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yegebe lamakhono ezobuchwepheshe, ama-SME angathatha ithuba lesofthiwe yokunyathelisa ye-3D yomthombo ovulekile kanye nezinkundla zokufunda ku-inthanethi. Amathuluzi amaningi esofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, njenge-FreeCAD ne-Blender, ahlinzeka ngamakhono anamandla okuklama ngaphandle kwesidingo samalayisensi abizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengcebo yezinsiza zemfundo zamahhala noma ezingabizi kakhulu ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa okokufundisa, ama-webinars, nezinkundla, ezingasiza ama-SME aqeqeshe abasebenzi bawo ekusebenziseni isofthiwe nezindlela zokuphrinta ze-3D. Lezi zinsiza zinganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nezindleko ezihilelekile ekuletheni abasebenzi abasha ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunesithembiso esikhulu sama-SME, okunikeza amathuba okuqamba izinto ezintsha, ukonga izindleko, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zemishini kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe zokungena kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D, izinketho zezimali, ubambiswano lwamasu, kanye nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, ama-SME anganqoba lezi zithiyo futhi enzeUkuphrinta kwe-3Dkufinyeleleke kakhudlwana. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela futhi buthengeka kakhudlwana, singalindela ukubona ukwanda kokutholwa kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, ekugcineni silinganisa inkundla ezimbonini ezisukela emkhathini kuya kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
