Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kushintshile kusuka kubuchwepheshe be-niche kwaba ithuluzi elamukelwa kabanzi elinezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buvuthwa, kokubili izindleko zemishini nezinto zokwakha ziyaqhubeka nokwehla, okuvumela ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe okusabalele. Lesi sihloko sihlola imithelela yalezi zindleko ezinciphayo ezimbonini nasezimakethe, zigxile kakhulu emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) kanye nabathengi ngabanye.
Ukuvela Nokuvuthwa Kobuchwepheshe Bokuphrinta be-3D
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kuhilela inqubo yokudala izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokwendlalela izinto ezisuselwe kumamodeli edijithali. Ubuchwepheshe baqala ngawo-1980, ekuqaleni babusetshenziswa emikhakheni ekhethekile efana ne-aerospace nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwakunomkhawulo ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu ezihambisana nakho kokubili ihadiwe nezinto zokwakha, okwenze ukuba kungafinyeleleki emabhizinisini amaningi nakubantu ngabanye. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana ne-fused deposition modelling (FDM), i-stereolithography (SLA), kanye ne-selective laser sintering (SLS), ithuthukise kakhulu ukufinyeleleka, ukunemba, kanye nokusebenzisana kwezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D.
Ukunciphisa Izindleko Zesisetshenziswa Sokuphrinta se-3D
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu esibangela ukwanda kokwamukelwa kokuphrinta kwe-3D ukwehliswa kwezindleko zemishini. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphrinta kwe-3D, amaphrinta ezinga lezimboni ayengabiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamadola, okuwenza athengeke kuphela ezinkampanini ezinkulu nezikhungo zocwaningo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, ngokufika kwamamodeli alungele abathengi, izindleko zamaphrinta e-3D zehle kakhulu. Namuhla, amaphrinta edeskithophu ye-3D asetshenziswa ekhaya angathengwa ngemali encane nje engamakhulu ambalwa amadola, kuyilapho amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu okusetshenziswa ngochwepheshe aya ngokuya ethengeka.
Lokhu kwehliswa kwezindleko zehadiwe kudalwe kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bomthombo ovulekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo yemojuli evumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize amaphrinta ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ukuncintisana okwandayo emakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D kwehlise amanani entengo. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi amancane ngisho nabathengi ngabanye sebengakwazi ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obabungaphezu kwamandla abo.
Ukunciphisa Izindleko Zezinto Zokusebenza Nokwengeza Izinketho
Ngaphezu kokwehliswa kwezindleko zamaphrinta e-3D, amanani ezinto ezisetshenziswayoUkuphrinta kwe-3D, njenge-filament yokuphrinta kwe-FDM kanye ne-resin yokuphrinta kwe-SLA, nayo yehle kakhulu. Izinto ezifana ne-PLA (i-polylactic acid), i-ABS (i-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nenayiloni manje zikhiqizwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu futhi zitholakala ngezindleko eziphansi, okwenza ukuphrinta kwe-3D kufinyeleleke kalula kuhlu olubanzi lwabasebenzisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, njengemicu yensimbi, amapulasitiki abolayo, nemicu eguquguqukayo, kuye kwanweba ukusetshenziswa kokunyathelisa kwe-3D. Lezi zinsiza zisetshenziswa emikhakheni esukela ku-bioprinting ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya embonini yemfashini, lapho abaklami bezama ngezingubo eziphrintiwe ze-3D nezisekeli. Njengoba ububanzi bezinto ezitholakalayo bukhula, ukuhlukahluka kokuphrinta kwe-3D kuyanda, kuqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi nabathengi ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe.
Umthelela Kumabhizinisi Amancane Namaphakathi (ama-SME)
Omunye wabahlomuli abayinhloko bezindleko ezinciphayo zokuphrinta kwe-3D amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME). Ngokomlando, ama-SME abhekane nezithiyo ezinkulu ekusungulweni nasekukhiqizeni ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezindlela zokukhiqiza ezivamile. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, nokho, kunikeza enye indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthi ama-SME akhiqize ama-prototype, amaqoqo amancane emikhiqizo, noma ngisho nezimpahla eziqedwe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwesidingo sesikhunta esibizayo noma imishini.
Isibonelo, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunika amandla ama-SME ukuthi akhe imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ebhekelela izimakethe ze-niche. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhiqiza ubucwebe be-bespoke, amakesi efoni enziwe ngokwezifiso, noma ngisho nokuhlotshiswa komuntu siqu kwekhaya, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela amabhizinisi amancane ukuthi anikeze imikhiqizo eklanyelwe izintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhiqiza okukhulu. Ikhono lokuphrinta lapho kudingeka khona liphinde linciphise imfucuza, njengoba kusetshenziswa inani eliqondile lezinto ezidingekayo kuphela, okulenza libe yisixazululo esivumelana nemvelo sokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-prototyping esheshayo enikwe amandla ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ivumela ama-SME ukuthi ahlole imiklamo ngokushesha nangezindleko eziphansi. Emkhiqizweni ojwayelekile, ukwenza i-prototyping kungadla isikhathi futhi kubize, okuvamise ukubandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kumathuluzi nokubunjwa. NgeUkuphrinta kwe-3D, nokho, ama-prototypes angakhiqizwa emahoreni ambalwa, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi acwenge imiklamo yawo ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi alethe imikhiqizo emakethe ngokushesha.
Ukukhula Kwemakethe Yabathengi Ngamunye
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zamaphrinta we-3D nezinto zokwakha kuphinde kwavula amathuba amasha emakethe yabathengi. Kubathengi abangabodwana, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza izinga elingakaze libonwe lokwenza kube ngokwakho nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Abasebenzisi manje sebengakwazi ukuphrinta izinto zabo ekhaya, kusukela ezintweni zasendlini njengezitendi zefoni namavazi kuya ekudalweni okuyinkimbinkimbi njengezingxenye ezishintshayo noma imifanekiso emincane.
Amawebhusayithi anikeza amakhosombe angamamodeli e-3D nezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ngokwezifiso akhule ngokuduma, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele umtapo wolwazi omkhulu wamamodeli aklanywe kusengaphambili noma balayishe imiklamo yabo ukuze baphrinte. Lezi zinkundla, ezifana ne-Thingiverse kanye ne-MyMiniFactory, zinedemokhrasi yokufinyelela ezinsizeni zokunyathelisa ze-3D, okuvumela ngisho nabantu abanolwazi oluncane lobuchwepheshe ukuba bazenzele imikhiqizo yabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuthi abantu ngabanye bazibandakanye kumaphrojekthi wokuzilibazisa. Kusukela kosomabhizinisi basemakhaya abakha imikhiqizo emincane kuya kumaciko azama ngawoIzithombe eziphrintiwe ze-3Dkanye nokufakwa, ukufinyeleleka kokuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza abantu amandla okuguqula imibono yabo yokudala ibe ngokoqobo.
Izicelo Eziqondene Nemboni kanye Nezitayela Zesikhathi esizayo
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyanda kube yizimboni okwakucatshangwa ukuthi zingaphezu kwamandla abo. Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunika amandla ukudalwa kwezimila zangokwezifiso, ama-prosthetics, kanye nezicubu eziphrintiwe. Embonini yezimoto kanye ne-aerospace, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezingasindi, eziqinile ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Embonini yezokwakha, izindlu nezakhiwo eziphrintiwe ze-3D ziba ngokoqobo, ezinye izinkampani zize zihlole nokusetshenziswa kokuphrinta okukhonkolo kwe-3D kumaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwakha. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zinamandla okuguqula indlela izakhiwo eziklanywa futhi ezakhiwe ngayo, okuzenza zithengeke kakhulu futhi zisimeme.
Isiphetho
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buqhubeka bukhula, izindleko zabo ezinciphayo namandla akhulayo avula amathuba amasha kumabhizinisi nakubathengi ngabanye ngokufanayo. Kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza indlela engabizi, ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, imiklamo ye-prototype, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Kubathengi abangabodwana, inikeza inkundla yokusungula nokwenza ngokwezifiso eyayikade ingafinyeleleki. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kukho kokubili ihadiwe nezinto zokwakha kuzosebenza kuphela ekuqhubekiseni phambili ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa kokuphrinta kwe-3D kuzo zonke izimboni, kukwenze kube ithuluzi elibalulekile esikhathini esizayo sokukhiqiza, ukuklama, nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ekugcineni, ukwamukelwa okwandile kweUkuphrinta kwe-3Dkungase kuholele kumodeli yokukhiqiza ehlukaniswe kakhudlwana, lapho abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi amancane bengakha futhi babelane ngemiklamo yabo, okuqhubekisele phambili ekwenzeni intando yeningi ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusezingeni eliphezulu.
