Ukunyuka kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D kuye kwavula amathuba amasha kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, kushintsha izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokudala izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezingenziwa ngezifiso. Kodwa-ke, amandla ayo okukhuthaza ukusimama kanye nesibopho sezemvelo mhlawumbe esinye sezici zayo ezijabulisa kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okungeziwe (AM), ukuphrinta kwe-3D kudlula imingcele yokukhiqiza okuluhlaza. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D zinganikela kanjani ekusaseni elizinzile ngokunciphisa udoti, kusetshenziswa izinto ezintsha ezibolayo, kanye nokuhlanganisa amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza.
1. Kuyini Ukukhiqiza Okuluhlaza Futhi Kwenziwa KanjaniUkuphrinta kwe-3DUkuhambisana neningi?
Ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kubhekisela ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ngendlela enciphisa imithelela yemvelo futhi yandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Igxile ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwehlisa izinyawo zekhabhoni, kanye nokuqeda imfucuza ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Izindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko, njengokukhiqiza okukhiphayo, kufaka phakathi ukusika impahla ebhulokhini elikhudlwana, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwenani elikhulu. Ngokuphambene, ukukhiqiza okungeziwe - noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D - kwakha ungqimba lwemikhiqizo ngongqimba, kusetshenziswa kuphela izinto ezidingekayo entweni yokugcina, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.
Ngokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, izimboni zinganciphisa umthelela wemvelo ohambisana nokukhiqizwa kwendabuko. Isibonelo, ukwenza i-prototyping okusheshayo ngokuphrinta kwe-3D kunciphisa isidingo semijikelezo eminingi yokukhiqiza, njengoba ama-prototypes angahlolwa ngokushesha, ashintshwe, futhi akhiqizwe. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi kodwa futhi yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, njengoba kudingeka izinto ezingavuthiwe ezimbalwa.
2. Ukunciphisa Udoti Ngokukhiqiza Okungeziwe
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo zezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D yikhono labo lokunciphisa udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ekwenziweni kwendabuko, izinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe zivame ukumoshwa ngesikhathi sokusika, ukulolonga, kanye nezinqubo zomshini. Ngokwezinye izifundo, ukukhiqiza kwendabuko kungakhiqiza imfucuza efika ku-90% kwezinye izimo. Ngokuphambene,Ukuphrinta kwe-3Dkuyinqubo yokwengeza, okusho ukuthi okubalulekile kwengezwa ungqimba ngongqimba, okuvumela ukulawula okunembayo kokuthi kungakanani okusetshenziswayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungakhiqiza imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezincane. Amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye ebezingenzeki ngaphambilini noma ezibiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko manje zingadalwa kalula. Lokhu akunciphisi udoti kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, njengoba izingxenye zithuthukiswa ukuze zisebenzise inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezikhona.
3. Iqhaza Lezinto Ezingaboli Ekushicileleni kwe-3D
Okunye okusha okubalulekile ekuphrinteni kwe-3D ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingaboli. Lezi zinto ziklanyelwe ukuhlukana ngokwemvelo endaweni, ukunciphisa umthelela wazo wesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem. Enye yezinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezibolayo ekushicileleni kwe-3D i-PLA (i-polylactic acid), ipulasitiki esekwe ezitshalweni eyenziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengesitashi sommbila noma umoba. I-PLA ayiboli nje kuphela kodwa futhi ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okumbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki endabuko asekelwe ku-petroleum.
Okunye okukhethwa kukho okubolayo kuhlanganisa i-PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), etholakala kubhaktheriya futhi ekwazi ukuphuka kuyo yomibili indawo yenhlabathi nesolwandle. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo eco-friendly zinikeza enye indlela ethembisayo kumapulasitiki asekelwe ku-petroleum avame ukusetshenziswa kuwoUkuphrinta kwe-3D, okufaka isandla ekwehliseni umkhondo wemvelo wobuchwepheshe.
Ngokuhlanganisa imicu ye-biodegradable ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, amabhizinisi angakha imikhiqizo kokubili esimeme futhi esebenzayo. Isibonelo, izimboni ezifana nokupakisha, ezolimo, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi zingasebenzisa izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ezingaboli ukuze zikhiqize imikhiqizo eco-friendly ewohloka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise imfucuza yesikhathi eside ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.
4. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamaPlastiki okuphrinta kwe-3D
Udaba lwemfucuza yepulasitiki seluphenduke ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ezimbonini eziningi, njengoba kulahlwa izigidi zamathani emfucumfucu yepulasitiki minyaka yonke. Nokho, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza isisombululo esingaba khona ngokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki. Ukusebenzisa imicu yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha ukuphrinta kwe-3D akusizi nje ukunciphisa udoti kodwa futhi kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphinde basebenzise amapulasitiki alahliwe emikhiqizweni ebalulekile.
Isibonelo, i-rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate) iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa kabusha ekuphrinteni kwe-3D. Imicu ye-rPET yenziwa ngamabhodlela epulasitiki aphuma kubathengi neminye imikhiqizo yemfucuza yepulasitiki. Le micu ibe isisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuphrinta ze-3D ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-decor yasekhaya, amathoyizi, nezingxenye zezimoto. Ngale ndlela, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungasiza ukuvala iluphu kudoti wepulasitiki ngokuyiguqulela ibe yimikhiqizo emisha, kwehlise isidingo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuvuselela amapulasitiki ukuze aphrinte i-3D ingenziwa endaweni, isuse isidingo sokuthuthwa okude kwezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi iqhubeke nokunciphisa indawo yemvelo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuhlanganisa imicu yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha kuIzinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D, abakhiqizi bangakha imikhiqizo ene-carbon footprint encane, kuyilapho futhi ifaka isandla emnothweni oyindilinga.
5. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuphrinta kwe-3D
Ngaphandle kokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuphrinta kwe-3D nakho kuwonga amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezivamile. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zendabuko zivame ukudinga amanani abalulekile wamandla emisebenzini efana nokushisisa, ukubumba, kanye nomshini. Ngokuphambene, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusebenzisa amandla amancane ngoba kwakha izinto kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwesidingo sesikhunta, ukufa, noma imishini eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuphrinta kwe-3D kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezithembele ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu ephansi noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile zivame ukungasebenzi kahle emikhiqizweni emincane, njengoba ukusetha imishini nokubumba kumkhiqizo ngamunye kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamandla. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungasethwa ngokushesha ukuze kuphrinte imiklamo ehlukene ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane, okukwenze kube inketho evumelana nemvelo yokukhiqiza inqwaba encane.
6. Ukuqanjwa Kwezinto Ezisimeme kanye Namathemba Esikhathi esizayo
Njengoba isidingo sezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D esimeme siqhubeka sikhula, imboni ibona ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha. Izinkampani zihlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisuselwa ku-bio ezitholakala emithonjeni efana ne-algae, ukhula lwasolwandle, kanye nemfucuza evela ekukhiqizweni kokudla. Lezi zinsiza zingaguqula imboni yokuphrinta ye-3D ngokunikeza ezinye izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo kumapulasitiki omdabu.
Ukwengeza, amasu amasha kubuchwepheshe bokuphinda agaywe kabusha avumela ukutholwa okusebenzayo kwezinto ezibalulekile emikhiqizweni ephrintiwe ye-3D elahliwe. Isibonelo, abacwaningi benza izindlela zokuhlukanisa nokuhlanza ezisetshenzisiweImicu yokuphrinta ye-3D, ezivumela ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe enqubweni yokuphrinta. Lolu hlobo lokusebenzisa kabusha iluphu evaliwe lungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuhlala kuwumkhuba osimeme kusukela esikhathini esizayo.
7. Isiphetho: Ukuvula Indlela Yokukhiqiza Okuluhlaza Ngokuphrinta kwe-3D
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza amandla amakhulu okunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza okungeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bunciphisa imfucuza, bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi bungenise izinto ezintsha ezisimeme ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza. Izinto ezibolayo ezibolayo, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezonga amandla zisiza ukwenza ukuphrinta kwe-3D kube ngumdlali oyinhloko kunguquko yokukhiqiza eluhlaza.
Njengoba izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D ziqhubeka nokuvela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisimeme kanye nezinqubo zokugaywa kabusha kuzosiza ukubhekana nezinselelo zemvelo zomhlaba wonke nokudala umnotho oyindilinga kakhudlwana. Ikusasa lokuphrinta kwe-3D libukeka liqhakazile, njengoba linamandla okuthi lingagcini nje ngokushintsha ukukhiqiza kodwa futhi liqhubekisele phambili uguquko oluya embonini esimeme futhi evumelana nemvelo.
