Emhlabeni othuthukayo wokuphrinta we-3D, ukubaluleka kokukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi ofanele ngeke kugcizelelwe. Izinga lomkhiqizo ophrintiwe lingathonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kukhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo kuya kulwazi lomnikezeli wesevisi. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola izici ezibalulekile okudingeka zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D, kugxilwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni izitifiketi ze-ISO, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi, nokuzinza kokukhiqiza. Ngokuqonda lezi zici, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bathola izingxenye eziphrintiwe ze-3D zekhwalithi ephezulu nezingxenye ezihlangabezana nokucaciswa kwazo okunembayo.
Ukuqonda I-3D Printing Technology
Ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okufushane kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D uqobo.Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kuhlanganisa ukudala izinto ngokwendlalela izinto ezisuselwa kumklamo wedijithali. Ubuchwepheshe buthole izinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace, izimoto, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Inqubo ibandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphrinta, njenge-Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), kanye ne-Stereolithography (SLA), ngayinye enikeza izinzuzo nezinselele ezihlukile.
Uma kubhekwa inkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe, ukukhetha komnikezeli wesevisi kuba semqoka ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana kokubili nezidingo zokusebenza nezobuhle.
Isitifiketi se-ISO: Uphawu Lwekhwalithi
Enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D ukuthi ingabe ziqinisekisiwe yini i-ISO. Izitifiketi ze-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ziyizinkomba eziqashelwa kabanzi zezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi namazinga okusebenza. Amazinga amaningana e-ISO abaluleke kakhulu ezinsizeni zokuphrinta ze-3D, okuhlanganisa i-ISO 9001 yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, i-ISO 13485 yokukhiqiza idivayisi yezokwelapha, kanye ne-ISO/ASTM 52900 yokukhiqiza okungeziwe.
I-ISO 9001 iyindinganiso evamile eqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani igcina ikhwalithi engashintshi ezinqubweni zayo nakwimikhiqizo. Uma umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D ephethe isitifiketi se-ISO 9001, kukhombisa ukuthi basebenzise isistimu elawula ukusebenza kwabo futhi ethobela izinqubo ezihamba phambili zomkhakha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhalwa kwezinqubo zekhwalithi, ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile, nokugxila ekwenzeni ngcono okuqhubekayo. Kukhasimende, ukukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi onesitifiketi se-ISO 9001 kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi umkhiqizo wabo uzokhiqizwa endaweni elawulwayo, ethembekile.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ezifana nezokwelapha noma i-aerospaceUkuphrinta kwe-3D, isitifiketi se-ISO 13485 sibaluleke nakakhulu. Leli zinga liqinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki wesevisi uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulawula ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelashwa, njengezimila noma izitho zokufakelwa. Izinga le-ISO/ASTM 52900 lisebenza ngokuqondile ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezingeziwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D unamathela kuzinqubo ezihamba phambili zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphrinta kwe-3D.
Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi: Ukuqinisekisa Ukuvumelana
Uma umhlinzeki wesevisi esethole isitifiketi se-ISO, isici esilandelayo esibalulekile okufanele sihlolwe inqubo yabo yokulawula ikhwalithi (i-QC). Inqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi eyakhiwe kahle ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye eziphrintiwe ze-3D ezinokwethenjelwa, ezinembile. Lezi zinqubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza, kusukela ekwakhiweni kokuqala kuya emkhiqizweni wokugcina, zithobela izindinganiso eziqinile.
Inqubo ye-QC ivamise ukuqala nge-Design for Manufacturability (DFM), lapho idizayini yedijithali ihlolwa ukufaneleka kwayo ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola idizayini nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokukhethwa kwezinto, ubuqotho besakhiwo, noma ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obukhethiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi umklamo usuthuthukisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo sifaka ukukhetha okufanelekile kokuphrinta kwe-3D. Izinto ezivamile zihlanganisa i-thermoplastics, izinsimbi, ama-resin, nama-composites. Okubalulekile ngakunye kunezinto ezithile okufanele zifaniswe ngokucophelela nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, njengamandla, ukuguquguquka, noma ukumelana nokushisa.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuphrinta yangempela, abahlinzeki besevisi abaningi basebenzisa ukuqapha okungaphakathi kwenqubo ukuze baqinisekise ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta ngakunye. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuskena nge-laser, ukuskena kwe-CT, noma ubuchwepheshe bokubona komshini obuthola ukungezwani ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukulungisa ukuthi kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi ukuphrinta kuhluleke. Ukwengeza, abanye abahlinzeki bangasebenzisa amasu okucubungula ngemva kokucubungula njengokugcotshwa kwesihlabathi, ukupholisha, noma ukuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe isiphetho esingaphezulu noma izici zokusebenza zengxenye ephrintiwe.
Esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ephrintiwe ibambelela ekubekezeleni okudingekayo. Ukubekezelela kusho ukuchezuka okuvumelekile kusuka kubukhulu obufanele bengxenye. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, njengase-aerospace noma kumishini yezokwelapha, ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni, yingakho inqubo ye-QC eqinile ibalulekile.
Ukuqina Kokukhiqiza: Isihluthulelo Sokwethenjwa Kwesikhathi Eside
Okunye ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha aIsevisi yokuphrinta ye-3Dumhlinzeki ukuzinza kwabo kokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusho ikhono lomhlinzeki lokukhiqiza izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphandle kokunaka usayizi we-oda noma ivolumu yokukhiqiza. Kuhlanganisa namandla abo okuletha ama-oda ngesikhathi futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha.
Ukuzinza kokukhiqiza kuthonywa yizici ezimbalwa, njengamathuluzi nobuchwepheshe bomhlinzeki, amakhono abasebenzi, namandla okukhiqiza esewonke. Umhlinzeki wesevisi wokuphrinta we-3D ohlonishwayo uzobe etshale imali emishinini yokuphrinta ye-3D yesimanje manje ekwazi ukukhiqiza imiphumela engaguquki nenembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazoqasha opharetha abaqeqeshwe kakhulu abanamakhono okuphatha nokuxazulula inkinga yenqubo yokunyathelisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zingaxazululwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukwengeza, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kufanele bakwazi ukukala imisebenzi yabo njengoba kudingeka. Noma ngabe i-prototype encane noma ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba enkulu, ikhono lokusingatha izimfuno eziguqukayo liyinkomba eyinhloko yendawo yokukhiqiza ezinzile. Umhlinzeki onezinqubo ezimisiwe zokuphatha amanani amakhulu ama-oda, ukuphatha izinto ezisetshenziswayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza cishe kuzonikeza ukwethembeka okungcono esikhathini eside.
Isiphetho
Emhlabeni wokuphrinta kwe-3D, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina incike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta, nezinqubo zangaphakathi zomhlinzeki wesevisi. Lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuphrinta ye-3D, kubalulekile ukucabangela izitifiketi zabo ze-ISO, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi, nokuzinza kokukhiqiza. Umhlinzeki oqinisekisiwe we-ISO onezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile nokuzinza okungaguquki kokukhiqiza angaqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zakho eziphrintiwe ze-3D zihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu okunemba nokwethembeka. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela lezi zici, ungenza isinqumo esinolwazi esizogcina sibambe iqhaza empumelelweni yephrojekthi yakho futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo yakho ephrintiwe ye-3D.
