Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kuguqule izimboni ngokuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba okukhulu, isivinini, kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe buvule amathuba amasha okuqamba izinto ezintsha, buye bethula izingqinamba ezimbalwa zomthetho nezokuziphatha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinselele ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo (IP), ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphrinta kwe-3D nokulawulwa, kanye nezindaba zokuthobela. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kubaluleka kakhulu ukubhekana nokuthi singabhalansa kanjani inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe nesidingo sezinhlaka eziqinile zomthetho. Lesi sihloko sihlola lokhu kukhathazeka okuyinhloko, okuhlanganisa izinselele ezizungezile impahla yengqondo, ukugadwa kokulawula, nokuhambisana nezinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D.
Ukuvikelwa Kwempahla Yengqondo kanyeUkuphrinta kwe-3D
Okunye okukhathazayo kwezomthetho okucindezela kakhulu emhlabeni wokuphrinta kwe-3D ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo. Ngokukhula kwezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D, ezifana ne-prototyping esheshayo kanye nokukhiqizwa ngokwezifiso, kube nokuqhuma ekudalweni kwemiklamo yedijithali ye-3D engabiwa kalula futhi yenziwe kabusha. Ngokwesiko, imithetho yempahla eqanjiwe njengamalungelo obunikazi, amalungelo okushicilela, nezimpawu zokuhweba inikeze ukuvikeleka kubadali nabaqambi. Nokho, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwenza lezi zivikelo zibe nzima ngezindlela eziningi.
Okokuqala, amafayela aphrintekayo e-3D angakopishwa kalula futhi asatshalaliswe ku-inthanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukuphoqelela imithetho ye-copyright ne-patent. Uma umsebenzisi elayisha ifayela le-CAD (umklamo osizwa ngekhompuyutha) kunkundla ye-inthanethi yokuphrinta kwe-3D, angase anike amandla abanye ngokungazi ukuthi bakhiqize kabusha into ngaphandle kwemvume yomdali. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ingabe imithetho yamanje yempahla yengqondo yanele yini ukuvikela imiklamo yedijithali kanyeIzinto eziphrintiwe ze-3D.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungaholela ekwephuleni ilungelo lobunikazi ngezindlela ezintsha nezingalindelekile. Isibonelo, kuyenzeka ukuthi abantu ngabanye baphrinte izinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi zephula amalungelo e-IP. Kwezinye izimo, ukwephulwa komthetho kungase kungabi ngamabomu, njengoba abasebenzisi bangase bangawazi njalo amalungelo obunikazi ahlobene nemiklamo ethile. Mayelana nalokhu, izindawo ezimpunga ezisemthethweni ezizungeze ukuphrinta kwe-3D zenza kube nzima ukuphatha nokuphoqelela amalungelo e-IP ngempumelelo.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, kudingeka indlela eguquguqukayo yokuvikela impahla yengqondo. Ochwepheshe abaningi baphakamisa ukuthi imithetho kufanele ibuyekezwe ukuze ibhekane ngqo nezinto eziphrintiwe ze-3D kanye namapulani azo edijithali. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kwamalungelo edijithali (i-DRM) bungathuthukiswa futhi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusatshalaliswa okungagunyaziwe kwamamodeli edijithali e-3D. Ukwengeza, indima yamalayisense (njenge-Creative Commons noma amalayisense omthombo ovulekile) izobaluleka kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi imiklamo ye-3D ingabiwa futhi isetshenziswe kanjani ngokusemthethweni.
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D Nobudlelwano Bokulawula
Njengoba ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuqhubeka nokuvela, kuhlangana nezinhlaka zokulawula ezahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphrinta kwe-3D nokulawulwa bungaba inkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi, njengoba imikhakha ehlukene ingase idinge ukugadwa okuyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusetshenziselwa ukudala ama-prosthetics angokwezifiso, izimila, ngisho nezicubu. Lezi zicelo kumele zihambisane nemithetho eqinile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D ezimpahleni zomthengi noma imfashini kungase kungadingi izinga elifanayo lokulawula, kodwa kusadinga ukunamathela emithethweni yokuvikela abathengi namazinga okuphepha.
Enye yezinselelo izinhlangano ezilawulayo ezibhekana nazo ijubane elisheshayo lapho ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buthuthuka khona. Imithetho ekhona, eyadalwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabanzi kokuphrinta kwe-3D, ngokuvamile ihluleka ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyingqayizivele eziphakama ngalobu buchwepheshe. Isibonelo, imithetho yesikweletu somkhiqizo ingase idinge ukubuyekezwa ukuze ihambisane neqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo ingakhiqizwa abathengi ngokwabo besebenzisa amaphrinta edeskithophu ye-3D. Imithetho yesikweletu yomkhiqizo wendabuko ingase ingasifaki isimo lapho ikhasimende liphrinta khona into enesici ekhaya bese liyisebenzisa ngendlela eholela ekulimaleni noma ekulimaleni.
Ukuze kuvalwe igebe phakathi kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe nezinhlaka zokulawula, ohulumeni kufanele basebenzise indlela eguquguqukayo neguquguqukayo yokulawula. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukudala ama-sandbox athile alawulayo lapho okuqanjwe kabusha kokuphrinta kwe-3D kungahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ngaphambi kokuthi kulethwe emakethe. Ukwengeza, ukubambisana komhlaba wonke kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kubhekwane nokusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D emingceleni. Lokhu kubambisana kuzosiza ukulawula ukudalwa, ukuthengiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla eziphrintiwe ze-3D futhi kuvimbele ukungqubuzana okungaba khona phakathi kwamazwe anezindlela zokulawula ezihlukile.
Izinkinga zokuthobela ekuphrinteni kwe-3D
Ngokungeziwe empahleni yengqondo nokukhathazeka kokulawula, ukuphrinta kwe-3D nakho kuphakamisa izinkinga zokuthobela kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinkinga zingaba inselele ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezibhekene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zokuphepha, ezifana ne-aerospace, izimoto, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Ngokwesibonelo, emkhathini, ukusetshenziswa kokunyathelisa kwe-3D ukuze kwakhiwe izingxenye nezingxenye zendiza kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha. Ukuthobela izindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba noma ikuphi ukukhubazeka ezingxenyeni eziphrintiwe kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okuyinhlekelele. Esikhathini esidlule, izingxenye ezisetshenziswa kwezokundiza zakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko ezinezinqubo ezimisiwe zokuhlola nezitifiketi. Nokho, ukuvela kokukhiqiza okungeziwe kubiza izinhlaka ezintsha zokuthobela eziqinisekisa amazinga afanayo okuphepha nokwethembeka.
Ngokufanayo, emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuhambisana nemithetho yemishini yezokwelapha kubalulekile umaUkuphrinta kwe-3Disetshenziselwa ukwakha izimila, ama-prosthetics, noma ngisho nezicubu eziphrintiwe. Ukugunyazwa kwe-FDA (Ukuphathwa Kokudla Nezidakamizwa) nezinye izitifiketi zokulawula impilo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha ephrintiwe ye-3D ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Nokho, inqubo yokunikezwa isitifiketi kwemikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-3D isathuthuka, futhi kunesidingo semihlahlandlela ecacile yokuthi le mikhiqizo kufanele ihlolwe futhi igunyazwe kanjani.
Olunye udaba olubalulekile ukuthotshelwa kwemvelo. Njengoba izinsiza zokuphrinta ze-3D zisakazeka kakhulu, umthelela wemvelo wezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D, njengamapulasitiki nezinsimbi, udinga ukubhekwa. Izindlela zokugaywa kabusha kanye nokutholakala kwezinto ezisimeme kufanele kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokuphrinta ze-3D ukuze kwehliswe imiphumela engemihle yemvelo.
Izinkampani ezibandakanyeka ezinsizakalweni zokuphrinta ze-3D kufanele zenze izinhlelo eziphelele zokuthobela ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi yazo ihlangabezana nezidingo zomthetho. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zibhekane nezidingo ezithile zemboni inkampani esebenza kuyo, kusukela ekuhambisaneni nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuya ekusimameni kwemvelo.
Ukulinganisa Inqubekelaphambili Yezobuchwepheshe Nokuzijwayeza Kwezomthetho
Inselele eyinhloko ebhekene nekusasa lokuphrinta kwe-3D ilele ekulinganiseni inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe nesidingo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokulawula. Njengoba ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuqhubeka nokuvela, izinhlelo zezomthetho nezokulawula kumele nazo ziguquke ukuze zihambisane nentuthuko entsha. Lokhu kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabaholi bemboni, ochwepheshe bezomthetho, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yokulawula ekhuthaza ukuqamba okusha kuyilapho kuvikela amalungelo nokuphepha kwabathengi.
Ngokuzayo, singabona imithetho ekhethekile yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D, imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ecacile, kanye nezinhlaka zokuthobela ezisebenza ngempumelelo. Lezi zinguquko zizoqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuvikela okusemthethweni noma izindinganiso zokuziphatha.
Isiphetho
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunamandla amakhulu okuguqula izimboni, kodwa futhi kuveza izinselelo ezibalulekile zomthetho nezokuziphatha. Ukuvikelwa kwempahla yobuhlakani, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kokuphrinta kwe-3D nemithetho ekhona yizindaba ezibalulekile ezidinga ukubhekwana nazo. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlaka zomthetho zivumelane nezimo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinzuzo zokuphrinta kwe-3D zingabonakala ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuphepha, ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, noma amalungelo abadali. Ukulinganisa ukuqamba okusha nokuvumelana nezimo kwezomthetho kuzobaluleka empumelelweni yeIzinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D eminyakeni ezayo.
