3D kudhinda, inozivikanwawo seyekuwedzera kugadzira, yakashandura maindasitiri nekugonesa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakaomarara nekurongeka kukuru, kumhanya, uye kugadzirisa. Nepo tekinoroji iyi yakavhura mikana mitsva yekuvandudza, yakaunza zvakare akati wandei emutemo uye ehunhu matambudziko. Izvi zvinosanganisira matambudziko ane chekuita nehupfumi hwepfungwa (IP) kuchengetedzwa, hukama pakati pe 3D kudhinda uye mutemo, uye nyaya dzekuteerera. Sezvo tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D ichienderera mberi, zvinova zvakakosha kugadzirisa kuti tingaenzanisa sei kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nekudiwa kwemitemo yakasimba. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora izvi zvakakosha zvinonetsa, zvinosanganisira matambudziko akatenderedza pfuma yenjere, kutarisa kwemitemo, uye kutevedzera mu3D kudhinda masevhisi.
Intellectual Property Dziviriro uye3D Kudhinda
Imwe yezvinonetsa zviri pamutemo zviri kunetsa munyika ye3D kudhinda ndeye kuchengetedzwa kwehungwaru pfuma. Nekusimuka kwe3D kudhinda masevhisi, akadai sekukurumidza prototyping uye tsika yekugadzira, kwave nekuputika mukugadzirwa kwe3D dhizaini yedhijitari inogona kugovaniswa nyore uye kudhindwa zvakare. Pachinyakare, mitemo yezvivakwa zvehungwaru yakaita sematendi, kodzero dzekodzero, uye zviratidzo zvakapa dziviriro kuvagadziri nevagadziri. Nekudaro, kudhinda kwe3D kunokanganisa dziviriro idzi munzira dzinoverengeka.
Chekutanga, 3D mafaera anodhinda anogona kukopa uye kugovaniswa zviri nyore painternet, zvichiita kuti zviome kuteedzera mitemo yekodzero uye patent. Kana mushandisi akaisa CAD (dhizaini yekombuta) papuratifomu yepamhepo yekudhinda 3D, vanogona kugonesa vamwe nekusaziva kuburitsa chinhu pasina mvumo yemusiki. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo wekuti mitemo iripo yezvivakwa zvehungwaru yakakwana kuchengetedza madhizaini edhijitari uye3D zvakadhindwa zvinhu.
Uyezve, kudhinda kwe3D kunogona kutungamira mukutyorwa kwepatent munzira nyowani uye dzisingafungidzike. Semuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti vanhu vadhinde zvinhu zvine patent vasingazive kuti vari kutyora kodzero dzeIP. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukanganisa kunogona kunge kusiri kwemaune, sezvo vashandisi vangave vasingagare vachiziva nezve patents inoenderana neyakagadzirirwa magadzirirwo. Panyaya iyi, iyo yepamutemo grey nzvimbo dzakatenderedza 3D kudhinda kunoita kuti zviome kubata uye kusimbisa IP kodzero nemazvo.
Kuti tigadzirise matambudziko aya, imwe nzira yakawedzera nuances yekudzivirira pfuma inodiwa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira kuti mitemo inofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti inyatso kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakadhindwa zve 3D uye mablueprints avo. Digital rights management (DRM) matekinoroji anogonawo kugadzirwa kudzivirira kuparadzirwa kusingatenderwe kwedhijitari 3D modhi. Pamusoro pezvo, basa remarezinesi (seCreative Commons kana marezinesi akavhurika) richawedzera kukosha mukuona kuti madhizaini e3D anogona kugovaniswa sei zviri pamutemo uye kushandiswa.
3D Kudhinda uye Regulatory Hukama
Sezvo 3D kudhinda kuri kuramba kuchishanduka, inopindirana neakasiyana emitemo masisitimu mumaindasitiri. Hukama huri pakati pekudhindwa kwe3D uye mutemo hunogona kunyanya kuomarara, sezvo zvikamu zvakasiyana zvingada kutarisisa kwakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda yekurapa, 3D kudhinda kunoshandiswa kugadzira tsika prosthetics, implants, uye kunyange matishu. Izvi zvikumbiro zvinofanirwa kuenderana neyakaomesesa yehutano mirau kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda. Kusiyana neizvi, kushandiswa kwekudhindwa kwe3D muzvinhu zvevatengi kana fashoni kungasada mwero wakafanana wemitemo, asi zvichiri kuda kuteedzera mitemo yekudzivirira kwevatengi uye mitemo yekuchengetedza.
Rimwe rematambudziko anotarisana nemasangano anodzora kukurumidza kukurumidza uko tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D inoshanduka. Mitemo iripo, iyo yakasikwa kusati kwapararira kushandiswa kwe3D kudhinda, kazhinji inotadza kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasiyana dzinomuka nehunyanzvi uhu. Semuyenzaniso, mitemo yemhosva yechigadzirwa ingangoda kuvandudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa nevatengi pachavo vachishandisa desktop 3D maprinta. Mitemo yechinyakare yemhosva yechigadzirwa inogona kusavhara mamiriro ekuti mutengi anodhinda chinhu chakakanganisika kumba obva achishandisa nenzira inotungamira mukukuvara kana kukuvara.
Kuvhara mukaha uripo pakati pekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nehurongwa hwekutonga, hurumende dzinofanirwa kutora nzira inoshanduka uye ine simba yekutonga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugadzira chaiwo ekudzora mabhokisi ejecha uko 3D kudhinda hunyanzvi hunogona kuongororwa pasi pemamiriro akadzora asati aunzwa kumusika. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandira pamwe kwepasirese kunodiwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviyero zvepasi rose zvinogadziridzwa kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwekudhinda kwe3D kuyambuka miganhu. Kudyidzana uku kuchabatsira kugadzirisa kusikwa, kutengesa, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadhindwa zve 3D uye kudzivirira kukakavara kungangoitika pakati penyika dzine nzira dzakasiyana dzekutonga.
Matambudziko ekuteerera mu 3D Printing
Pamusoro pezvivakwa zvehungwaru uye zvinonetsa zvekudzora, kudhinda kwe3D kunosimudzawo nyaya dzekuteerera mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Idzi nyaya dzinogona kunyanya kunetsa mumaindasitiri anobata nekuchengetedza-yakakosha maapplication, senge aerospace, mota, uye hutano hwehutano.
Semuenzaniso, mune zvemuchadenga, kushandiswa kwe 3D kudhinda kugadzira zvikamu uye zvikamu zvendege zvinomutsa kunetseka kwakanyanya kwekuchengetedza. Kutevedzwa nezviyero zvemhando yepamusoro kwakakosha, sezvo chero hurema hwezvikamu zvakadhindwa hunogona kukonzera kukundikana kukuru. Kare, zvikamu zvaishandiswa mukubhururuka nendege zvaigadzirwa zvichishandiswa nzira dzechinyakare dzine dzakanyatsosimbiswa dzekuedza uye kuita zvitupa. Nekudaro, kubuda kwekuwedzera kwekugadzira kunoda hurongwa hutsva hwekutevedzera hunova nechokwadi chemazinga akafanana ekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika.
Saizvozvo, mubazi rezvehutano, kutevedzera mirairo yemidziyo yekurapa kwakakosha kana3D kudhindainoshandiswa kugadzira ma implants, prosthetics, kana kunyange bioprinted tishu. Mvumo yeFDA (Chikafu neDrug Administration) uye zvimwe zvitupa zvehutano zvinodikanwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti 3D yakadhindwa michina yekurapa inosangana nemitemo yekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, maitiro ekupihwa zvitupa zve 3D zvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa zvichiri kubuda, uye panodiwa nhungamiro dzakajeka dzekuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoedzwa nekubvumidzwa sei.
Imwe nyaya yakakosha ndeyekutevedzera kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo masevhisi ekudhinda e3D achiwedzera kupararira, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvekudhinda zve3D, zvakaita semapurasitiki nesimbi, zvinoda kugadziriswa. Nzira dzekudzokorodza uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu kunofanirwa kubatanidzwa mu 3D kudhinda maitiro kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Makambani ane chekuita ne3D kudhinda masevhisi anofanirwa kugadzira zvirongwa zvekuteedzera zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro avo anozadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kugadzirisa izvo zvinodikanwa zveindasitiri iyo kambani inoshanda mairi, kubva mukuteerera kwehutano kusvika pakusimbaradza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuenzanisa Kufambira Mberi kweTekinoroji neKugadziriswa Kwemutemo
Dambudziko rakatarisana neramangwana rekudhinda kwe3D riri mukuyeresa kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji pamwe nekudiwa kwekugadzirisa. Sezvo kudhinda kwe 3D kuri kuramba kuchishanduka, masisitimu emutemo uye ekutonga anofanirwawo kushanduka kuti aenderane nezviri kuitika. Izvi zvinoda kudyidzana pakati pevatungamiriri veindasitiri, nyanzvi dzezvemitemo, uye masangano ehurumende kuti vagadzire nharaunda yekutonga inosimudzira hunyanzvi uku ichichengetedza kodzero nekuchengetedzwa kwevatengi.
Mune ramangwana, tinogona kuona mitemo yakakosha yemasevhisi ekudhinda e3D, mirau yepasirese yakajeka, uye hurongwa hwekutevedzera hunoshanda. Shanduko idzi dzinoita kuti kudhinda kwe3D kuenderere mberi pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kana tsika.
Mhedziso
Kudhinda kwe3D kune mukana wakakura wekushandura maindasitiri, asi kunopawo matambudziko akakosha emutemo uye ehunhu. Dziviriro yezvivakwa zveuchenjeri, kutevedza kwemitemo, uye hukama pakati pekudhinda kwe3D nemitemo iripo inyaya dzepakati dzinoda kugadziriswa. Sezvo tekinoroji iyi ichishanduka, zvakakosha kuti zvimiro zvemutemo zvigadziriswe kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mabhenefiti ekudhinda kwe3D anogona kuzadzikiswa zvizere pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa, kufunga kwetsika, kana kodzero dzevagadziri. Kuenzanisa hutsva nekugadzirisa zviri pamutemo kuchave kwakakosha pakubudirira kwe3D kudhinda masevhisi mumakore anotevera.
