Kudhinda kwe 3D kwakasandura kugadzirwa, dhizaini, uye prototyping pane dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Nepo tekinoroji pachayo ichikurukurwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba 3D printer zvinowanzo furatirwa. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora mukati mekuoma kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehardware zvakaita semisoro yekudhinda, mibhedha inopisa, lasers, magetsi, uye maoko emagetsi. Isu tichaongorora zvakare kuti izvi zvikamu zvinokanganisa sei kudhinda kwese kunaka, nekunyanya kutariswa kune kukanganiswa kwe Hardware maficha pane chaiyo uye kuenderana kwe.3D dzakadhindwa zvikamu.
1. Dhinda Musoro (Extruder) Dhizaini uye Basa
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvechero 3D printer musoro wekudhinda, unozivikanwawo seextruder. Musoro wekudhinda ndiwo une basa rekunyungudutsa filament nekuiisa layer by layer kuti iite chinhu. Hunhu hwemusoro wekudhinda hunoita basa rakakosha pakuona kurongeka, kumhanya, uye kutsvedzerera kwedhinda.
Iyo hotend ye extruder inowanzo gadzirwa kubva kumhando yepamusoro-yekudzivirira zvinhu sendarira kana simbi isina tsvina. Ichi chikamu chine basa rekupisa filament kusvika pakunyungudika kwayo. Yepamusoro-soro hotend inobvumira kuenderana extrusion, kuderedza mikana yekuvhara uye kusaenzana kuyerera, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kudhinda mhando.
Uyezve, saizi yenozzle - kazhinji kubva pa 0.2mm kusvika 1.0mm-inogonawo kukanganisa kudhinda kugadziridzwa. Munovhu diki unoburitsa yakakwenenzverwa uye nzvimbo dzakapfava, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira dhizaini yakaoma. Mukupesana, muromo muhombe unobvumira kukurumidza kudhinda uye unowanzo shandiswa kune akakura, asina kutsanangurwa zvikamu. Saka, kusarudzwa kwemusoro wekudhinda uye saizi yenozzle inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
2. Heated Bed: Inokosha paKunamatira uye Kudzivirira Kudzivirira
Iyo inopisa mubhedha ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kudhinda kunaka. Inopa nzvimbo yakagadzikana kuitira kuti zvinhu zvibatane nazvo sezvazvinotonhora uye zvakasimba. Mazhinji maprinta e3D anoshandisa mubhedha unodziya kuderedza warping, nyaya yakajairika apo makona ekudhinda anosimudzwa nekuda kwekutonhora kusina kuenzana.
Mubhedha unopisa unobatsira munzira dzakawanda:
1.Kunamira kwakavandudzwa:Iyo inopisa nzvimbo inovimbisa kuti mashoma ekutanga akaturikidzana anonamira zvakasimba, kudzivirira madhindi kubva kudhinda panguva yekudhinda.
2.Kunyangwe kutonhora:Nekudzora tembiricha yemubhedha, iyo printer inoderedza mikana yekusaenzana kutonhora, izvo zvinogona kukonzera warping uye layer misalignment.
3.Better zvinhu kugarisana:Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seABS neNylon zvinonyanya kukombama, uye mubhedha unodziya wakakosha pakudhinda nemafilaments aya.
Mibhedha inopisa inogadzirwa kubva kumidziyo yakaita sealuminium, girazi, kana kabhoni fiber, imwe neimwe iine seti yayo yezvakanakira. Semuenzaniso, girazi rinopa nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye yunifomu yekugovera kupisa, nepo aluminium inopa kukurumidza kupisa conduction.
3. Laser uye Chiedza Chinyorwa cheSLA uye SLS Printers
For Stereolithography(SLA)uye Sarudza Laser Sintering(SLS)maprinta, iyo laser uye mwenje sosi yakakosha pakuona iko kurongeka uye kugadzirisa kwezvakadhindwa. Aya maprinta anoshanda nekurapa resin yemvura nelaser kana sintering powdered zvinhu nelaser kuvaka iyo inodhinda layer ne layer.
Mukudhinda kweSLA, UV laser inoshandiswa kuomesa resin. Simba, kutarisisa, uye kuenderana kweiyo laser zvese zvinobatsira mukugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kudhindwa. Iyo yakanyanya kutariswa laser inobvumira yakakwenenzverwa ruzivo, iyo yakakosha kune yakakwirira-chaiyo maapplication senge mazino implants kana dhizaini.
Kune vanodhinda SLS, lasers anoshandiswa sinter hupfu zvinhu zvakaita naironi kana simbi hupfu. Hunhu hwelaser, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sedhayamita dhayamita uye simba, zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pane iyo layer yekubatanidza uye kupera kwepamusoro. Kurongeka uye kugadziriswa kwemaprinta eSLS kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekuti yakanaka sei iyo laser inogona kuongorora mubhedha wehupfu uye kusanganisa zvimedu pamwechete.
Ose maprinta eSLA neSLS anokwanisa kugadzira maprinta akadzama ane simba rakawanda, asi sarudzo yelaser kana mwenje sosi, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, zvakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro.
4. Mechanical Arm: Precision uye Motion Control
Ruoko rwemuchina, runowanzo kunzi gantry system mumaprinta e3D, inodzora kufamba kwemusoro wekudhinda kana ndiro yekuvaka pane inodhinda. Iko kurongeka kwekufamba uku kwakakosha pakuve nechokwadi chekuisa dhizaini uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso senge kusarongeka kana kusarongeka.
Mapurinda emazuva ano e3D anowanzo shandisa imwe yemhando mbiri dzekufambisa masisitimu:
1.Cartesian masisitimu:Aya maprinta anoshandisa njanji dzemitsetse kana tsvimbo kufambisa musoro wekudhinda uchitevedza X, Y, uye Z axes. Cartesian masisitimu anotaridzirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekururama kwawo uye dhizaini yakatwasuka.
2.Delta masisitimu:Aya anoshandisa maoko matatu anoshanda ari tandem kufambisa musoro wekudhinda nenzira ine simba, ichipa kumhanya kwekudhinda nekukurumidza, kunyangwe paine zvinonetsa mukunyora kwechokwadi pamakero madiki.
Mune ese ari maviri masisitimu, iwo anotsika mota uye anofamba anodzora anofanirwa kunge ari emhando yepamusoro kuti ave nechokwadi chekufamba kwakatsetseka uye kwakaringana. Mota dzisina kunaka kana masisitimu ekufambisa akashata anogona kukonzera kukanganisa senge kurongeka zvisizvo kana kusadhinda mhando, kunyanya mumagadzirirwo akaomarara.
5. Basa reFirmware uye Calibration
Kupfuura zvinhu zve Hardware, firmware uye calibration zvakare inoita basa rakakosha mumhando ye 3D kudhindwa. Firmware inodzora kupindirana pakati pezvinhu zvehardware, ichiraira kumhanya, tembiricha, uye kufamba kwemusoro wekudhinda nemubhedha. Yepamberi firmware inogona kupa maficha akadai seauto-bed leveling, filament sensors, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemafuta, izvo zvese zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana kudhinda mhando.
Kurongeka kwakaringana kwemubhedha wekudhinda, extruder, uye tembiricha marongero akakosha kuti uwane mibairo yakakwana. Kunyangwe iyo yakanakisa Hardware haizoite zvakanaka kana isina kurongeka zvakanaka.
Mhedziso
3D kudhindainzira yakaoma inotsamira pakubatana kwakabatana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehardware. Musoro wekudhinda, mubhedha unodziya, laser kana mwenje sosi, uye ruoko rwemuchina chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira pakudhinda kunaka, kumhanya, uye nemazvo. Kunzwisisa hunyanzvi hwekuita uye mabasa ezvikamu izvi zvinobvumira vashandisi kukwidziridza yavo 3D yekudhinda ruzivo uye kusarudza iyo inodhinda yakakodzera kune zvavanoda.
Nyika yekudhinda ye3D inoramba ichishanduka, iine hunyanzvi hwezvinhu, Hardware, uye software zvichiita kuti iwanike uye inokwanisa kupfuura nakare kose. Kunyangwe iwe uri kuita zvekukurumidza prototyping, kugadzira tsika, kana dhizaini yehunyanzvi, kunyatsonzwisisa kweiyo 3D printer's Hardware inovimbisa kuti iwe unowana yakanakisa mibairo kubva kumapurojekiti ako ekudhinda.
