Kukwera kwaukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D kwatsegula mwayi watsopano m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kusintha njira zopangira ndikupanga njira zopangira zogwira mtima komanso zosinthika makonda. Komabe, kuthekera kwake kulimbikitsa kukhazikika ndi udindo wa chilengedwe mwina ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opangira zowonjezera (AM), kusindikiza kwa 3D kukukankhira malire opanga zobiriwira. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe ntchito zosindikizira za 3D zingathandizire kukhala ndi tsogolo lokhazikika pochepetsa zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zomwe zingawonongeke, komanso kuphatikiza mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso m'njira zopangira.
1. Kodi Green Manufacturing ndi Chiyani?Kusindikiza kwa 3DOkwanira?
Kupanga zobiriwira kumatanthawuza chitukuko cha zinthu ndi ntchito m'njira yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwa. Imayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kutsitsa mapazi a carbon, ndikuchotsa zinyalala panthawi yopanga. Njira zopangira zachikale, monga kupanga zochepetsera, zimaphatikizapo kudula zinthu kuchokera ku chipika chachikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyalala zambiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, kupanga zowonjezera - kapena kusindikiza kwa 3D - kumapanga zinthu zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza, pogwiritsa ntchito zofunikira zokhazokha pa chinthu chomaliza, kuchepetsa kupanga zinyalala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D, mafakitale amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kupanga kwachikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kusindikiza mwachangu ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D kumachepetsa kufunika kopanga kangapo, popeza ma prototypes amatha kuyesedwa mwachangu, kusinthidwa, ndikupangidwa. Kuchita zimenezi sikungopulumutsa nthawi komanso kuchepetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, chifukwa pamafunika zipangizo zochepa.
2. Kuchepetsa Zinyalala Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera Zopanga
Chimodzi mwazabwino za chilengedwe cha ntchito zosindikizira za 3D ndi kuthekera kwawo kuchepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi. Popanga zachikhalidwe, zinthu zambiri zopangira zimawonongeka nthawi zambiri podula, kupanga, ndi kupanga makina. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, kupanga kwachikhalidwe kumatha kuwononga mpaka 90% nthawi zina. Mosiyana,3D kusindikizandi njira yowonjezera, kutanthauza kuti zinthuzo zimawonjezeredwa wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza, kulola kuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumatha kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa. Ma geometri ndi zigawo zomwe poyamba zinali zosatheka kapena zodula kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe tsopano zitha kupangidwa mosavuta. Izi sizingochepetsa zinyalala komanso zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino, popeza mbali zake zimakonzedwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito zochepa kwambiri zomwe zingatheke.
3. Udindo wa Zida Zosawonongeka mu Kusindikiza kwa 3D
Chinanso chofunikira pakusindikiza kwa 3D ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka. Zidazi zidapangidwa kuti ziwonongeke mwachilengedwe m'chilengedwe, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwawo kwanthawi yayitali pazachilengedwe. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi biodegradable pakusindikiza kwa 3D ndi PLA (polylactic acid), pulasitiki yochokera ku mbewu yopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga chimanga kapena nzimbe. PLA singowonongeka ndi biodegradable komanso imatulutsa mpweya wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki akale opangidwa ndi mafuta.
Zosankha zina zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), zomwe zimachokera ku mabakiteriya ndipo zimatha kusweka m'nthaka komanso m'madzi. Zida zokomera zachilengedwezi zimapereka njira ina yodalirika kuposa mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri3D kusindikiza, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa chilengedwe chaukadaulo.
Pophatikizira ulusi wowonongeka muzosindikiza za 3D, mabizinesi amatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mafakitale monga kulongedza katundu, ulimi, ndi katundu wogula amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosindikizira za 3D kuti apange zinthu zokomera zachilengedwe zomwe zimawonongeka mwachibadwa pakapita nthawi, motero kuchepetsa zinyalala za nthawi yaitali m'malo otayiramo.
4. Pulasitiki Yobwezeretsanso Kusindikiza kwa 3D
Nkhani ya zinyalala za pulasitiki yakhala ikudetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri m’mafakitale ambiri, ndipo matani mamiliyoni ambiri a zinyalala zapulasitiki amatayidwa chaka chilichonse. Komabe, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapereka yankho lomwe lingakhalepo pobwezeretsanso pulasitiki. Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wapulasitiki wobwezerezedwanso pakusindikiza kwa 3D sikumangothandiza kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kumathandizira opanga kubwezeranso mapulasitiki otayidwa kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Mwachitsanzo, rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate) ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito posindikiza za 3D. Ma rPET filaments amapangidwa kuchokera ku mabotolo apulasitiki ogula pambuyo ndi zinthu zina zapulasitiki. Ma filamentswa amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzosindikiza za 3D kupanga zinthu zatsopano monga zokongoletsa kunyumba, zoseweretsa, ndi zida zamagalimoto. Mwanjira iyi, kusindikiza kwa 3D kungathandize kutseka zinyalala za pulasitiki pozisintha kukhala zatsopano, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zida za virgin.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yobwezeretsanso mapulasitiki osindikizira a 3D itha kuchitikira kwanuko, kuthetsa kufunikira konyamula zinthu mtunda wautali ndikuchepetsanso chilengedwe. Pophatikiza ulusi wapulasitiki wobwezerezedwanso muNtchito zosindikiza za 3D, opanga amatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon, komanso zimathandizira ku chuma chozungulira.
5. Mphamvu Yamphamvu ndi Kusindikiza kwa 3D
Kupitilira kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumakhalanso kopanda mphamvu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Njira zopangira zachikale nthawi zambiri zimafuna mphamvu zambiri pa ntchito monga kutentha, kuumba, ndi kupanga makina. Mosiyana ndi izi, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa chifukwa kumamanga zinthu pang'onopang'ono, popanda kufunikira kwa nkhungu, kufa, kapena makina ovuta.
Kuchita bwino kwa kusindikiza kwa 3D ndikofunikira makamaka kwa mafakitale omwe amadalira kupanga kocheperako kapena zinthu zosinthidwa makonda. Njira zopangira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri sizigwira ntchito bwino pamakina ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa kukhazikitsa makina ndi nkhungu pamtundu uliwonse kumafuna ndalama zambiri zamagetsi. Kusindikiza kwa 3D, kumbali ina, kumatha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kusindikiza mapangidwe osiyanasiyana osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira chilengedwe popanga magulu ang'onoang'ono.
6. Zatsopano Zazida Zokhazikika ndi Zoyembekeza Zamtsogolo
Pomwe kufunikira kwa zida zosindikizira zokhazikika za 3D kukukulirakulira, makampaniwa akuwona ndalama zambiri popanga zida zatsopano. Makampani akuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku bio zochokera ku magwero monga algae, udzu wa m'nyanja, ngakhale zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya. Zidazi zitha kusintha makina osindikizira a 3D popereka njira zina zokomera zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, zatsopano zamakina obwezeretsanso zinthu zikuthandizira kuchira bwino kwa zida zamtengo wapatali kuchokera kuzinthu zosindikizidwa za 3D zotayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ochita kafukufuku akupanga njira zolekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zogwiritsidwa ntchito3D kusindikiza filaments, kuwalola kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito posindikiza. Kukonzanso kwamtundu woterewu kungathandize kutsimikizira kuti kusindikiza kwa 3D kumakhalabe mchitidwe wokhazikika mpaka mtsogolo.
7. Kutsiliza: Kukonza Njira Yopangira Zobiriwira ndi Kusindikiza kwa 3D
Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapereka mwayi waukulu wochepetsera kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe pakupanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zowonjezera, ukadaulo umachepetsa kuwononga, umachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikuyambitsa zida zatsopano zokhazikika pazopanga. Zipangizo zosawonongeka, mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso, komanso njira zopangira mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zikuthandizira kusindikiza kwa 3D kukhala gawo lalikulu pakusintha kobiriwira.
Pamene ntchito zosindikizira za 3D zikupitilirabe, kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zokhazikika ndi machitidwe obwezeretsanso kudzathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga chuma chozungulira. Tsogolo la kusindikiza kwa 3D likuwoneka lowala, chifukwa limakhala ndi kuthekera kosangosintha kupanga komanso kulimbikitsa kusintha kwamakampani okhazikika komanso okonda zachilengedwe.
