Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kuvele ngokushesha njengobuchwepheshe obuguqulayo ezimbonini eziningi. Lokhu kusungula kuguqule izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kusukela ku-prototyping kuya ekukhiqizeni komkhiqizo wokugcina. Njengoba imakethe yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D iqhubeka nokuvela, inikeza amathuba abalulekile okukhula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezithembisa ukubumba kabusha imikhakha eminingi. Lesi sihloko sihlola umbono wemakethe, amathrendi, namathemba esikhathi esizayo wezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D.
Ukuvela kokuphrinta kwe-3D
Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D bubandakanya ukudala ugqinsi lwezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokwesendlalelo ngokusekelwe kumodeli yedijithali. Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngefayela le-CAD (I-Computer-Aided Design), elibuye lihunyushwe libe yiziyalezo zomshini. Izinto ezihlukahlukene, njengepulasitiki, izinsimbi, nezitsha zobumba, zisetshenziswa enqubweni yokunyathelisa kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi okungaba nzima noma kungenzeki ukuzifeza ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko.
Ngokomlando, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwakusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza i-prototyping esheshayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, buye banda ukuze bafake ukukhiqizwa okufunayo, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokukhiqiza okusabalalisiwe, okuvumela izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle nezingabizi kakhulu. Namuhla, izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace, ezezimoto, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi zithembele kakhulu kumasevisi wokuphrinta we-3D ukuze kwehliswe izindleko, kuthuthukiswe imiklamo yemikhiqizo, futhi kusheshiswe izikhathi zokukhiqiza.
Ukukhula Kwemakethe Nobukhulu
Imakethe yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, iqhutshwa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Ngokwemibiko eyahlukene yocwaningo lwezimakethe, imakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D yomhlaba wonke yalinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-13 zamarandi ngonyaka ka-2020 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku- $ 63 billion ngo-2027, ikhula ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) cishe lama-20%. Lokhu kukhula okumangalisayo kugqugquzelwa ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, kanye nokwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, imijikelezo yokukhiqiza emifushane, kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-supply chain.
Ukwenyuka kwezimboni ezifana nezempilo, i-aerospace, nezimoto kuqhubekisele phambili kwasheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusetshenziselwa ukudala ama-prosthetics, izimila, namamodeli okuhlinza aqondene nesiguli, okuhlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqondene nawe ezithuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yesiguli. Ngokufanayo, emkhathini, izinkampani zisebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwezingxenye ezingasindi nezingxenye eziyisipele, zithuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Amathrendi Abalulekile Emakethe Yezinsizakalo Zokuphrinta ye-3D
1. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho
Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu emakethe yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D ukwanda kwesidingo sokwenza ngokwezifiso nokwenza kube ngokwakho. Njengoba ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela ukudalwa kwemikhiqizo eklanyelwe enemininingwane enembayo, izimboni ezifana nemfashini, ubucwebe, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ziye zakwamukela ukunikezwa okuyingqayizivele, komuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, embonini yemfashini, abaklami basebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ukuze benze izesekeli zangokwezifiso, izicathulo, ngisho nezingubo zokugqoka, okunikeza abathengi ikhono lokukhetha imiklamo yomuntu siqu efana nokuthanda kwabo okuthile.
Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezenzelwe umuntu siqu, ezifana nezimila zamathambo kanye nemiqhele yamazinyo, ziya zivame kakhulu. Izinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D zinika amandla lawa madivayisi ukuthi adalwe ngokusekelwe kuzilinganiso zesiguli ngasinye, okuholela ekulinganeni okungcono nokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi.
2. Ukusimama kanye Nokukhiqiza Eco-friendly
Ukusimama kungomunye umkhuba obalulekile obumba ikusasa lezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D. Njengoba ukukhathazeka kwezemvelo kukhula, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunikeza ithuba lokunciphisa ukumoswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko. Ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zifakwa ungqimba ngongqimba, okunciphisa isidingo sezinto ezingaphezulu futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezisetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokugxila okwandayo ekusebenziseni izinto ezisimeme, njengamapulasitiki angaboli nezinsimbi ezigaywe kabusha, ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Izinkampani zihlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa izixazululo ze-eco-friendly, okwenza ubuchwepheshe buzinze futhi buhambisane nezinhloso ezibanzi zokunciphisa izinyathelo zekhabhoni.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Digital Technologies
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D nobunye ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), ukufunda ngomshini, kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), kungenye inkambiso eshayela ikusasa lemakethe. I-AI nokufunda komshini kungathuthukisa inqubo yokuphrinta ye-3D ngokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwedizayini, ukubikezela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi ukukhiqizwa kuqale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrinta e-3D anikwe amandla i-IoT avumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukusebenza okukude, nokuqoqwa kwedatha, okwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenze kahle futhi ixhumeke.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akuthuthukisi kuphela amakhono okuphrinta kwe-3D kodwa futhi kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi enze lula ukusebenza kwawo futhi athuthukise ukukhiqiza kukonke.
4. Intuthuko ku-3D Printing Materials
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha nezithuthukile nakho kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwemakethe yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphrinta kwe-3D, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kwakunqunyelwe ikakhulukazi kumapulasitiki nama-resin. Nokho, namuhla uhla lwezinto ezitholakalayo selunwetshiwe lwafaka izinsimbi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izitsha zobumba, nezinto eziyinhlanganisela. Lesi sisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo esinwebekayo sivumela ukuphrinta kwe-3D ukuthi kusetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi, kusukela ku-aerospace kuye kwezokwelapha.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Metal 3D, ikakhulukazi, kubone ukukhula okuphawulekayo, ngezinto ezifana ne-titanium nensimbi engagqwali ezisetshenziselwa ukudala izingxenye ezihlala isikhathi eside, eziqine kakhulu. Lo mkhuba uvumela izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace nezimoto ukuthi zikhiqize izingxenye ezingasindi neziqinile, ezithuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kukonke.
5. Ukukhiqizwa Okufunwayo kanye Nasendaweni
Ukushintshela ekukhiqizeni okudingekayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwendawo kungenye inkambiso ebalulekile. Ukukhiqiza kwendabuko kuvame ukuthembela kumafekthri amakhulu namaketanga okunikezela ayinkimbinkimbi, okungaholela ezikhathini zokuhola ezinde kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zokuhamba. Ngokuphrinta kwe-3D, izinkampani zingakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto endaweni noma endaweni, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuthumela amabanga amade nokuphathwa kwempahla.
Ukukhiqizwa okufunwa kakhulu futhi kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zikhiqize amaqoqo amancane emikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesidingo sesikhunta esibizayo noma amathuluzi. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezidinga ukuphindaphindwa kwedizayini kaningi noma ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu encane, njengemboni ye-aerospace neyezimoto.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D ikulungele ukukhula okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqamba okusha, ngobuchwepheshe obusha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela minyaka yonke. Njengoba izimboni zamukela izinzuzo zokwenza ngokwezifiso, ukusimama, kanye nokukhiqizwa okudingekayo, indima yokuphrinta kwe-3D endaweni yokukhiqiza yomhlaba izoqhubeka nokukhula. Ikusasa lezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D lithembisa ukuthi lizoba namandla futhi liguqule, lidale amathuba amasha kumabhizinisi nakubathengi ngokufanayo.
